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■ Alkaloids and Alkaloid-Like Compounds are Potential Scaffolds of Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Virus

Prasat Kittakoop,* Dhanushka Darshana, Rapeepat Sangsuwan, and Chulabhorn Mahidol

*Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous impact on humans, and it has disrupted daily life of people. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic has significant negative effects on the world economics. To prevent the viral infection, vaccines are rapidly developed and available for certain strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the emerging of new variants has caused the problems for COVID-19 vaccines due to immune escape ability, challenging the vaccine development process which usually takes years. In this regard, there is a critical need of new antiviral compounds that can be used to combat SARS-CoV-2 virus safely and effectively. This review provides an overview on alkaloids and alkaloid-like compounds, which have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses. Drug repurposing has played a crucial role for the drug discovery of COVID-19, and many effective antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 virus are from commonly used drugs or antiviral leads. Antiviral natural alkaloids and derivatives, which have the activity toward SARS-CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses, are also discussed in this review.