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■ Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Galactosidase-Targeting Spin-Label Probe: 5-O-β-D-Galactosyl-5-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline-2-oxyl

Koya Sugawara, Hiroyuki Konno, Tomohiro Ito, and Shingo Sato*

*Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa-shi, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan

Abstract

In this study, 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and 5-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline-2-oxyl O-galactosides (PG, TG, and IG) were synthesized. Moreover, their reduction reactivity (RR) for ascorbic acid and hydrolysis reactivity (HR) for β-galactosidase were measured via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The both rate constants for these two reactions were found to exhibit the following order: RR: TG > IG > PG, and HR: IG > PG > TG. Based on the results of the in vitro assay, IG was selected as the candidate for the bioassay. The bioassay of IG by HeLa cells (cancer cells) and PC12 cells (normal cells) indicated that after 20 min of IG addition, more nitroxide radicals were located in the cancer cells than in the normal cells, while their EPR intensity was low.