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Review | Regular issue | Vol 100, No. 12, 2020, pp.1949-1978
Published online, 11th June, 2020
DOI: 10.3987/REV-20-930
■ Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles through Cyanative Cyclization and Cycloaddition Reactions under Transition Metal Catalysis

Shigeru Arai* and Atsushi Nishida

*Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan

Abstract

Synthesis of cyano-functionalized nitrogen heterocycles under palladium, nickel, and cobalt catalysis is described. These transformations include the activation of C-C multiple bonds to give the functionalized pyrrolidines and their related compounds. The palladium-catalyzed reactions promote nucleophilic cyanation to non-activated terminal alkynes. Nickel catalysis enables to install H and CN functionalities into allenes with regio- and stereoselective manner. In the case of cobalt-catalyzed hydrocyanation, hydroacylation and hydroarylation, simple olefins as well as enamines are suitable substrates to construct highly functionalized hetero- and carbocycles. The applications of the above methodologies for the synthesis of alkaloids and related compounds are also described.