Online article for Non-subscribers

Pay per view

Heterocycles has a pay-per-view service for Non-subscribers.
You will be able to directly purchase the full text article through PayPal.
Your purchased Paper can be downloaded after the payment is completed.
An e-mail will be sent the URL to download the paper.
If you have any questions, please contact: purchase@heterocycles.com

Price: ¥ 4,400 (Yen only)
Period: This Article can be accessed for 7 days.

Paper | Regular issue | Vol 43, No. 7, 1996, pp.1423-1437
Published online, 1st January, 1970
DOI: 10.3987/COM-96-7436
■ Improved Syntheses of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakisaryl- and Tetrakisalkylporphyrins

Robert A. W. Johnstone,* M. Luisa P. G. Nunes, Mariette M. Pereira, Antonio M. d'A. Rocha Gonsalves, and Arménio C. Serra

*Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, U.K.

Abstract

Three significant modifications to existing methods for the preparation of the important 5,10,15,20-tetrakisarylporphyrins have improved isolated ylides, simplified work-up and made large-scale synthesis feasible. Two tetrakisalkylporphyrins were also producted. A two-stage approach using hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid as second stage oxidant gave good yields but for ease of isolation and convenience in working on a large scale, the one-pot approach is preferred. No one method appears to be suitable for all such tetrakisarylporphyrins and, for best yields, the method of preparation needs to be chosen carefully. Application of statiscal optimisation techniques (factorial two design and simplex operation) led to considerably enhanced yields for the one-pot method. For one of th two-stage modifications, significant amounts of chlorins were observed, sometimes of such magnitude as to make it suitable as a method for their preparation.