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Paper | Regular issue | Vol 65, No. 3, 2005, pp.551-562
Published online, 14th January, 2005
DOI: 10.3987/COM-04-10273
■ Syntheses, Spectroscopic Properties, and Cu(I) Complexes of All Possible Symmetric Bi-1,10-phenanthrolines

Shinji Toyota,* Akito Goto, Keiko Kaneko, and Takumi Umetani

*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan

Abstract

All possible symmetric bi-1,10-phenanthrolines (biphens) were synthesized by Ni-catalyzed coupling of corresponding halo-1,10-phenanthrolines. Their absorption and emission spectra were compared with those of phenanthroline as the reference compound. The spectral feature is explained by the molecular conformation, namely, coplanar 2,2’- and 3,3’-biphens and nearly bisected 4,4’- and 5,5’-biphens. The effects of additives, H+ or Zn2+, on the electronic spectra varied depending on the biphen ligand. The 2,2’-ligand formed a helical complex with Cu+ ions in a 2:2 ratio as revealed by spectroscopic titration and X-Ray analysis.